FAFSA

• The FAFSA® will be available in December 2023 instead of Oct. 1 this year.
• The FAFSA® will be streamlined and more user-friendly with fewer questions.
• The Student Aid Index (SAI) will replace the Expected Family Contribution (EFC).
• IRS Direct Data Exchange (DDX) makes entering tax information easier and will be required for students, spouses, and parents to transfer their 2022 tax information or non-filing status.
• The number of family members in college will no longer factor into the FAFSA® calculation.
• Parent assets will now include net worth of all businesses and net worth of a family farm, if applicable.
• For divorced or separated parents: The parent who provided the most financial support to the student will need to provide their information. Previously, the parent who the student lived with the most provided their information.
• Everyone contributing to the FAFSA® form online must have their own account on the Federal Student Aid (FSA) website. Each contributor, including the student, will access their account with their own FSA ID (account username and password).

• Student Aid Index (SAI): Calculated by FAFSA® data and will determine student aid eligibility. This replaces the EFC that was used in previous years.
• Cost of Attendance (COA): COA includes tuition and fees, food and housing, books and supplies (including course materials and equipment), miscellaneous expenses, and transportation. 
• Contributor: A parent, step-parent, student, or spouse of the student who is providing information to the FAFSA®. 
• Consent: Required from all contributors in order for the IRS to share tax data directly to the FAFSA®. If any contributor does not provide consent, the student will automatically be ineligible for aid.
• Direct Data Exchange (DDX): Previously known as IRS Data Retrieval; this tool imports tax data directly from the IRS to your FAFSA®.
• FAFSA® Submission Summary (FSS): A summary of your completed FAFSA® information. This replaces the Student Aid Report (SAR) that was used in previous years.

• Apply for your FSA ID. A Federal Student Aid (FSA) ID is required for all contributors including the student.
• Determine who your contributors are. The FAFSA® will also offer assistance when filing. Students, parents, step-parents, and a student’s spouse may be considered contributors.
• Gather 2022 Federal Tax Information and W-2s. All contributors will need this information, if applicable.

• What is FAFSA®?
• Who is a Contributor on the 2024-2025 FAFSA® Form?
• Why Do My Contributors and I Need Our Own StudentAid.gov Accounts for the 2024-2025 FAFSA® Form?
• What Does It Mean To Provide Consent and Approval on the 2024-2025 FAFSA® Form?

Contributors

What are Contributors on the FAFSA® 2024-25? 
Contributor is a new term introduced on the 2024-25 FAFSA® form. It refers to anyone asked to provide information on a student's FAFSA® form, i.e., the student, the student's spouse, a biological or adopted parent, or the parent's spouse (stepparent).

A Contributor is NOT a grandparent, foster parents, legal guardian, brother or sister, aunt or uncle, even if they helped provide for or raise the student.

A Contributor on the FAFSA® form doesn't mean they are financially responsible for the student's education costs.

How are Contributors determined? 
The student's or parent's answers will determine which contributors (if any) will be required to provide information. 

What do Contributors need to provide? 
These contributors will be invited to complete their portion of the FAFSA® form by entering their name, date of birth, Social Security number, and email address. They must also provide personal and financial information in their own sections of the FAFSA® form.

What are the steps Contributors must follow?

1. Contributor receives an email informing them that they've been identified as a contributor.
2. Contributor creates a StudentAid.gov account if they don't already have one.
3. Contributor logs in to account using their FSA ID  account username and password.
4. Contributor reviews information about completing their section of the FAFSA® form.
5. Contributor provides the required information on the student's FAFSA® form.

What if I am a Contributor and don't want to provide my information in my student's FAFSA®? 
Being a contributor does NOT implicate financial responsibility. However, if a required contributor refuses to provide their information, it will result in an incomplete FAFSA® form, and the student will become ineligible for federal student aid. 

What if my parents are divorced? Who is the contributor to my FAFSA®? 
Students that live with a single/divorced/widowed parent and receive most support from that parent, will report only one parent on the FAFSA®.

The parent included in the FAFSA® as a contributor must be the parent that provides the greater portion of the student's financial support. If that primary parent is remarried, the income of that parent's spouse (stepparent) will also be required. 

Why does the FAFSA® 2024-25 require consent from students and contributors? 
According to the Future Act, all students and contributors must provide consent to the following:

• Have their federal tax information transferred directly into the FAFSA® form via direct data exchange with the IRS;
• Have their federal tax information used to determine the student's eligibility for federal student aid; and
• Allow the U.S. Department of Education to share its federal tax information with postsecondary institutions and state higher education agencies for use in awarding and administering financial aid.

Important: Even if students or contributors don't have a Social Security number, didn't file taxes, or filed taxes outside of the U.S., they still need to provide consent.

What if I don't want to provide consent as a student or a required contributor? 

• If a student or required contributor doesn't provide consent to have their federal tax information transferred into the FAFSA® form, the student will not be eligible for federal student aid—even if they manually enter tax information into the FAFSA® form.
• Information about how federal tax information will be used and the consequences of not providing consent will be included on the FAFSA® form.

Legal parents must provide consent to transfer federal tax information, even if one of the parents didn't file or had no income. If parents fail to provide consent, the student won't be eligible to receive federal student aid.

FSA ID

What is FSA ID, and who needs it?

1. All students and contributors must create a StudentAid.gov account to complete the FAFSA® form online.
2. Students and contributors will use their FSA ID account username and password to log in to their accounts.
3. Even if a parent or spouse contributor doesn't have a Social Security number, they can still get an FSA ID using their ITIN to fill out their portion of the student's FAFSA® form online.

Do parents and students need to wait until FAFSA® 2024-25 opens in December to create an FSA ID? 
No. The FSA ID process is not changing. It's even better that parents and students can create the FSA ID and have it ready any time before the FAFSA® application starts.  

How do I or other contributors create an FSA ID? 
To create an FSA ID, you'll need your Social Security number (SSN). Other information required is full name and date of birth. You'll also need to create a memorable username and password and complete challenge questions and answers to retrieve your account information if you forget it. You'll be required to provide your email address or mobile phone number when you make your FSA ID. Providing a mobile phone number and/or email address that you have access to will make it easier to log in to ED online systems and allow you to verify your FSA ID before using it on the FAFSA® and additional account recovery options.

This Federal Student Aid video can help create a step-by-step FSA ID.

Do parents without social security numbers also need to have an FSA ID? 
Yes. Starting 2024-25, parents and/or spouses who are not U.S. Citizens or Eligible Noncitizens can use their Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) to create an FSA ID once their taxes are still required. 

What if my parents are not in the United States? 
Your parents' citizenship status doesn't affect your eligibility for federal aid. They cannot create an FSA ID, but you can complete the FAFSA® on paper and ask for their signatures. For FAFSA® purposes, you must provide your parents' income, no matter where they reside.

My parent remarried. Is the parent's spouse required to get an FSA ID as well? 
If the parent you indicate on the FAFSA® is the parent who remarried, it will depend on how they filed taxes. If they filed jointly, only one parent needs an FSA ID. If they filed separately, both parents would need their own FSA ID.

Will parents and students need to create a new FSA ID if they have had an FSA ID in the past? 
No. You can retrieve your existing FSA ID if you forgot your username and password.

I created an FSA ID at a FAFSA® night at my high school and could not use it immediately. Do you recommend creating it a few days before?  
We have seen different situations when a parent creates their FSA ID, verifies it, and is ready to use, and sometimes the system asks them to wait 24-48 hours to use it. It depends on the information matching system. 

We recommend creating it a few days before starting the form. FSA IDs made on the day of might work but will not have full functionality yet, like using the Direct Data Exchange (FADDX) to transfer tax information.

Why do I have to set up two-step verification for my StudentAid.gov Account? 
Two-step verification, a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA), helps protect your StudentAid.gov account with additional protection from fraud.

So each contributor needs a unique phone number or email for multi-factor authentication? 
Yes! For example, a student and parent cannot use the same phone number for MFA.

Do both parents need to create FSA ID or just one like before? 
This depends on the family's situation. For example, if a student has married parents filing taxes separately, both parents will need to make an FSA ID.

What is the impact if the student and parent already have an FSA ID? 
None. Just ensure they are verified and ready to use when the FAFSA® 2024-25 opens sometime in December 2023.

If a parent does not want to or refuses to create an FSA ID, is there an alternative for that parent to provide consent, such as mailing a wet signed consent page?  
Starting 2024-25, a separate signature page will no longer exist. There are two alternative options for contributors to provide consent who do not want to or refuse to create an FSA ID:

1. The first example would be the student applying using the paper FAFSA® and obtaining wet signatures from all contributors, including the parents, who also affirm their consent.
2. The other option is for the student completes their section and self-reports information for the parent section on the FAFSA® form. When the student submits their FAFSA® form without the parent's signature, it will be placed in rejected status by the FAFSA® Processing System (FPS). The parent can then provide their signature and consent on a paper copy of the FAFSA® Submission Summary. Now this method is not recommended due to complexity and increased processing time.

Consent, Taxes & Financial Data

What is consent, and why do I have to provide it when completing the FAFSA® 2024-25? 
The Future Act requires that every contributor on the FAFSA® provide consent to share their taxes information in the application so that the IRS can share this information with Federal Student Aid (FSA). All parties whose Federal Tax Information (FTI) is included on a student's FAFSA® form must consent annually. 

The consent will be required when a student submits a FAFSA®, chooses Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) when starting loan repayment, or submits the Total and Permanent Disability discharge (TPD) within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs for totally and permanently disabled students. 

The consent is necessary not only for the Department of Education to request federal tax information from the IRS but also to use that FTI in the federal student aid application process, as well as do other things such as redisclose that information to certain eligible entities, such as higher education institutions. 

What happens if I, as a student, or a spouse or parent, don't want to provide consent on the FAFSA®? 
If a student, spouse, or parent doesn't provide consent on the FAFSA®, the Student Aid Index (SAI) will not be calculated, and the student will not be eligible for any federal aid. 

What if I had a low income and was not required to file taxes? 
According to the IRS tax year 2022, these are the thresholds by filing status. If an independent student (and spouse, if married), or a parent of a dependent student, were not required to file a federal income tax return for 2022, then the student will automatically receive a Student Aid Index (SAI) equal to –1500. They still need to provide consent when submitting the FAFSA®, so the IRS can confirm to Federal Student Aid (FSA) the student, parents, and spouse didn't file taxes. 

Will students still be able to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool? 
No. Starting FAFSA® 2024-25, the DRT will no longer exist. After the student, spouse, and/or parent provides consent to the Direct Data Exchange (FADDX), the Federal Tax Information (FTI) will be linked to the application contributor. Federal Student Aid (FSA) will now directly transfer Federal Tax Information (FTI) from the IRS into the FAFSA® form as long as the user has provided FSA with the consent to do so. 

All users identified as required contributors on a particular FAFSA® form will be prompted to provide consent for the IRS to use their Federal Tax Information (FTI). This consent is required to retrieve FTI from the IRS to calculate the student's aid eligibility. If any party to the FAFSA® form does not provide consent, submission of the form will still be allowed. However, a Student Aid Index (SAI), which replaces the Expected Family Contribution (EFC), will not be calculated.

Will non-custodial parents be contributors if they have not claimed the child on their taxes? 
Starting with the Simplified FAFSA®, students will determine which parent to report based on which one provides the most financial support. It is ok if the parent or parents reported do not claim the student on their taxes. The reported parents will provide consent to transfer their taxes data even if they do not claim the student on their taxes.

If parents that are remarried provide more support to the child than a biological parent, does the stepparent have to provide their taxes information? 
Yes. If the parent providing more financial support is remarried, the stepparent's tax information is required. 

What if my parent or stepparent does not want to provide their tax information for my FAFSA®? 
Our Federal Aid Counselors can offer to talk directly with the parent or stepparent to explain why that information is needed and answer any questions, which sometimes puts them at ease about how their sensitive info will be used. However, we cannot provide tax advice. 

How do I report small business or farm value as assets on the FAFSA®?
Independent students or parents are the best sources for this estimate; they can also consult their accountant or other financial professional if they have access to one to estimate the amounts to report.

My parent is self-employed -- do they still need to say they own a business? 
Being self-employed does end up showing business income on tax returns. But it depends on the type of work whether or not they will have to report any assets associated with their business. 

I – and/or my parents or spouse – amended our taxes. Will my Federal Tax Information (FTI) be transferred, or do I have to provide a 1040X later to the school?  
Yes. Starting 2024-25, when the student, spouse, parent, and/or stepparent provide consent, the IRS's Federal Tax Information (FTI) will include the information from an amended tax return.  

Can I self-report my income on FAFSA®?  
After you provide consent on the FAFSA®, if the IRS cannot transfer your Federal Tax Information (FTI) to your FAFSA® application, the application will allow you to self-report it. Self-reporting one's tax information on the FAFSA® does not override the requirement for each required contributor to provide consent on the FAFSA® form. So two pieces - they need to provide consent, and we need to have their tax information, either directly from the IRS or self-reported manually on the FAFSA® form.  

If a parent of a dependent student or an independent student is a non-filer and has zero wages, do they have to provide consent?
Any individual who is a contributor to the FAFSA® application must provide consent. This includes parents, and independent students, regardless of their tax filing status. Generally, the parents of independent students are not contributors and would, therefore, not need to provide consent.  

What happens if a contributor provides consent but doesn't sign the application?  
Starting 2024-25, there will be only two options for filing a FAFSA® form: electronically, through studentaid.gov, or the option to file on paper which will also be available. However, once an application is started online, all parties must complete it online. So that means that if a signature is missing, the parent or the contributor that needs to complete their section and/or sign the application must obtain an FSA ID and get into the application and complete their section. 

There is no option to print a signature page any longer. For this reason, financial aid administrators will not be able to submit complete FAFSA® forms because of the consent provision that all contributors must provide and sign. 

Students and parents will be required to have an FSA ID to complete the FAFSA® application online. If they choose to mail a paper FAFSA®, both will need to provide consent on the paper FAFSA®, and both will need to provide wet signatures and mail the application to the Department of Education address on the paper application. This method is not recommended due to complexity and increased processing time.

In what situations will there be a match with IRS, but IRS wouldn't provide information?
Fraud or identity theft are the most likely reasons for the IRS not providing tax information to the applicant or the contributor. If the contributor has been flagged by the IRS, possibly due to identity theft or a breach of some sort to their information, then the IRS response code will be IRS enabled to provide information. 

If a parent does not want to or refuses to create an FSA ID, is there an alternative for that parent to provide consent, such as mailing a wet signed consent page?  
There is no longer a separate signature page, and there won't be a consent signature option on paper. There are two alternative options for contributors to provide consent who do not want to or refuse to create an FSA ID. One option is to submit a paper FAFSA® form completed by all contributors and mailed to the Federal Student Aid. This method is not recommended due to complexity and increased processing time.

Student Aid Index (SAI) & Pell Grant

What is the Student Aid Index (SAI)? 
SAI, or Student Aid Index, is replacing the term Expected Family Contribution, known as EFC. The SAI brings a change in the methodology used to determine aid.

• The SAI is a number used to determine eligibility for need-based aid. It is calculated using information the student (and contributors, if required) provides on the FAFSA® form.
• The SAI will replace the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) starting in the 2024–25 award year.
• A student’s SAI can be a negative number down to –1500.

Important: Your federal award equals Need= Cost of Attendance (COA) –Student Aid Index (SAI) –Other Financial Assistance (OFA).

What is the main difference between the SAI (starting FAFSA® 2024-25) and EFC (used until FAFSA® 2023-24)? 
The Student Aid Index (SAI) represents a change in the methodology used to determine aid:

• Child support received will now count as an asset instead of income.
• Family farms and small businesses will now count as assets.
• The number of family members in college is no longer considered in the needs analysis formula, but it is still a required question on the FAFSA® form.

How is Pell Grant eligibility determined? 
Maximum Pell Grant - Students may qualify for a maximum Pell Grant based on family size, adjusted gross income, poverty guidelines, and tax filing status. Students qualifying for a maximum Pell Grant will have a Student Aid Index (SAI) between –1500 and 0.

Student Aid Index (SAI) - Students who don’t qualify for a maximum Pell Grant may still be eligible if their calculated SAI is less than the maximum Pell Grant award for the award year. The student’s Pell Grant award will be equal to the maximum Pell Grant for the award year minus their SAI.

Minimum Pell Grant - Students whose SAI is greater than the maximum Pell Grant award for the award year may still be eligible for a Pell Grant based on family size, adjusted gross income, and poverty guidelines.

What if I had a low income and was not required to file taxes? 
According to the IRS tax year 2022, these are the thresholds by filing status. If parents of a dependent student or an independent student (and spouse, if married) were not required to file a federal income tax return for 2022, the student will automatically receive a Student Aid Index (SAI) equal to –1500.

Why are Assets different on the FAFSA® 2024-25? 
For the 2024–25 award year, some financial information previously considered income will be considered as assets. Also, some information not requested previously, like the family’s small business, will no longer be excluded from asset reporting.

If students get a negative SAI, will they get a higher Pell Grant? 
Students with a negative or 0 SAI will be eligible for the maximum Pell Grant. The difference is that the negative -1500 SAI indicates the student has a higher need than the student with 0 SAI, being eligible for other grants, if available, like Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG).

If the family size is manually adjusted, will the SAI only be calculated based on the size drawn from the taxes? 
It will be based on the family size that the family entered, if different from the taxes. Students may have to provide additional information if selected for verification.

What is the parallel between the 2024-25 Negative SAI and Pell Grant?  

• Negative SAI
  • As low as -1500
  • Non-tax filers receive automatic -1500 SAI (when parents of dependent students or independent students and spouses are non-filers). 
• Pell Grant - Max/Min Determined by
  • AGI (if required to file a federal tax return)
  • Household size
  • Federal poverty guidelines

How will Pell Grant be awarded? 
Pell grant will not be awarded per enrollment category any longer, but per amount of credits.

• 12+ credits  |  Old category=Full-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=100% 
• 11 credits  |  Old category=Three-Quarter-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=92%  
• 10 credits  |  Old category=Three-Quarter-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=83%
• 9 credits  |  Old category=Three-Quarter-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=75%
• 8 credits  |  Old category=Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=67%
• 7 credits  |  Old category=Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=58%
• 6 credits  |  Old category=Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=50%
• 5 credits  |  Old category=Less-than-Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=42%
• 4 credits  |  Old category=Less-than-Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=33%
• 3 credits  |  Old category=Less-than-Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=25%
• 2 credits  |  Old category=Less-than-Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=17%
• 1 credits  |  Old category=Less-than-Half-Time  |  New=Enrollment Intensity=8%

Professional Judgement & Appeals

What constitutes Unusual Circumstances on the FAFSA® 2024-25? 

• Unusual circumstances are when a student is unable to contact a parent or where contact with the parent poses a risk to the student.
• Starting in the 2024–25 award year, applicants who indicate on their FAFSA® form that they have unusual circumstances will be granted provisional independent status.
• Examples of unusual circumstances include human trafficking, legally granted refugee or asylum status, parental abandonment or estrangement, and student or parental incarceration.

What you need to know:

• Students with unusual circumstances will be granted provisional independent status and can complete the FAFSA® form without providing parental information.
• Students with this provisional independent student status will receive an estimate of their federal student aid eligibility.
• A financial aid administrator will make the final determination of a student’s unusual circumstances based on the documentation that the student submits to the school, or the financial aid administrator may perform their own personal assessment.
• If a school approves a student’s unusual circumstances, their independent student status will remain as long as the student stays at the same school and their circumstances don’t change.
• All unusual circumstances must be documented. 

How can I be considered an Independent for the FAFSA® 2024-25? 
For the 2024–25 award year, an independent student is one of the following:

• born before Jan. 1, 2001
• married (and not separated)
• a graduate or professional student 
• a veteran
• a member of the armed forces
• an orphan
• a ward of the court
• Someone with legal dependents other than a spouse
• an emancipated minor
• someone who is unaccompanied and homeless or self-supporting and at risk of being homeless

When should a student seek a dependency override? Only after they've decided on what school they're attending? 
The dependency override is an important step in seeing how much financial aid they'll be eligible for. It is certainly a lot of work, but if the student is up to it, it's preferable for the student to pursue the override before making a decision so they can see accurate financial aid offers for each of their schools.

What is Provisional Independence? 

• Students can receive provisional eligibility calculation.
• Students with unusual circumstances directed to independent student flow.
• Approved unusual circumstance determinations will carry forward.